The FBI Laboratory: An Investigation
into Laboratory Practices and Alleged Misconduct in Explosives-Related and
Other Cases (April,1997)
Table of Contents
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PART ONE:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PART TWO:
BACKGROUND TO THE OIG INVESTIGATION
I. The FBI Laboratory A.
Organization of the Laboratory B. The Laboratory's Quality Assurance Plan
and Accreditation C. The Hiring of Non-Agent Examiners D. Changing
Legal Standards for Admissibility and Disclosure II. Whitehurst and His
Allegations III. The OIG Investigation
PART THREE:
ANALYSIS OF
PARTICULAR MATTERS
SECTION A: ALLEGATIONS CONCERNING TERRY RUDOLPH
I. Introduction II. The Psinakis
Case A. Factual Background B. Analysis of Rudolph's Conduct in
Psinakis III. The Laboratory's 1989 Reviews of Rudolph's Casework A.
Factual Background B. Analysis of the 1989 Reviews IV. The FBI OPR
Investigation in 1991-92 V. The 1992 Corby Review A. Factual Background
B. Analysis of the 1992 Corby Review VI. The 1995 Corby Review A.
Factual Background B. Analysis of Corby's 1995 Review VII. Conclusion
A. Rudolph B. Management
SECTION B: THE VANPAC CASE
I. Introduction II. Factual Background
III. Analysis of the Whitehurst Allegations A. The Alleged Violation of
Protocols B. The Identification of Red Dot Smokeless Powder C.
Thurman's Testimony About the Explosives D. Claims That Thurman Testified
Outside His Expertise E. Claims That Martz Misled the Jury About His
Qualifications F. Claims That Martz Improperly Testified About Smokeless
Powders Found in the Devices G. Claims That Martz Improperly Analyzed
Primers H. Testimony by Martz About the Search at Moody's House I. The
Conduct of the Prosecutors IV. Conclusion
SECTION C: WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMBING
I. Introduction II. Testimony of SSA David Williams in the Salameh Trial
A. FBI's Manufacture of Urea Nitrate B. Williams' Opinions on Defendants'
Capacity to Manufacture Urea Nitrate and on the Explosive Used in the
Bombing C. Williams' Testimony Regarding the Attempt to Modify
Whitehurst's Dictation D. Other Allegations III. Pre-Trial Issues
A. Specimen Q23 B. Specimen Q65 C. Other Matters Involving Williams
D. Allegation Concerning SSA Haldimann IV. Conclusion
SECTION D: THE BUSH ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT
I. Introduction II. Factual
Background III. Analysis of Whitehurst's Allegations A. The Laboratory
Reports B. Verbal Reports by Ronay C. The Missile Strike IV.
Conclusion
SECTION E: AVIANCA BOMBING
I. Introduction II. Factual Background A. The Crime Scene B. The
Laboratory Analysis C. The AConfessor D. The Whitehurst Memorandum
E. The Trials III. Analysis A. Hahn's Testimony B. Whitehurst's
Conduct IV. Conclusion A. Hahn B. Whitehurst C. Kearney
D. Corby
SECTION F: ROGER MARTZ'S TESTIMONY IN O.J. SIMPSON CASE
I. Introduction II. Factual Background
III. Analysis of Whitehurst's Allegations A. The Claim that Martz Committed
Perjury by Testifying that He Authored the Testing Procedures B. The
Claim that Martz Misled the Court Concerning the FSRU's Validation Study
and Other Matters C. The Claims That Martz Misled the Defense Concerning
His Erasure of Digital Data and Improperly Erased Digital Data D.
Criticism of Martz's Presentation IV. Conclusion
SECTION G: OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING
I. Introduction II. William's Report A. Velocity of Detonation
B. Identification of the Explosive C. Weight of the Explosive D.
Other Conclusions Concerning the Explosive Device E. Bases for Conclusions
F. Restatement of AE Dictation G. Other Allegations III. Thurman's
Review of Williams' Report A. Specific Items in the Report B.
Thurman's Method of Review IV. Martz's Examination of Evidence V.
Conclusion
SECTION
H: OTHER MATTERS
SECTION H1: YU KIKUMURA
I. Introduction II. Factual Background III. Analysis of Whitehurst's
Allegations A. The Claim that Thurman Misled the Jury or Deprived
Kikumura of a Fair Trial B. The Claim that Thurman Improperly Failed to
Disclose Aspects of His Education or Training C. Claims that Thurman
Improperly Testified Outside His Expertise D. Claims that Thurman
Improperly Testified about the Possible Use of Other Materials in
Explosive Devices E. Other Aspects of Thurman's Testimony IV. Conclusion
SECTION H2: NORFOLK TANK FARMS
I. Introduction II. Factual
Background III. Analysis of Whitehurst's Allegations IV. Conclusion
SECTION H3: MELISSA BRANNEN
I. Introduction II. Factual Background III. Analysis of Whitehurst's
Allegations IV. Conclusion
SECTION H4: PAOLO BORSELLINO
I. Introduction II. Factual Background III. Analysis of Whitehurst's
Allegations IV. Conclusion
SECTION H5: GINO NEGRETTI
I. Introduction II. Factual Background III. Analysis of Whitehurst's
Allegations IV. Conclusion
SECTION H6: CONLON CASE
I. Introduction II. Factual Background III. Analysis of Whitehurst's
Allegations IV. Conclusion
SECTION H7: JUDGE JOHN SHAW
I. Introduction II. Factual Background III. Analysis of Whitehurst's
Allegations IV. Conclusion
SECTION H8: GHOST SHADOW GANG
I. Introduction II. Factual Background III. Analysis of Whitehurst's
Allegations IV. Conclusion
SECTION H9: THE UNABOM ARTICLE
I. Introduction II. Factual Background III. Discussion A.
Publication of the Article B. The Allegation that Mohnal and Ronay Rebuffed
Burmeister C. The Laboratory's 1995 Response to Burmeister's Concerns
IV. Conclusion
SECTION H10: THURMAN'S ALLEGED ALTERATION OF DICTATION
I. Introduction II. Alteration of
Whitehurst's Dictation A. Background B. Analysis III. Burmeister's
Allegation IV. Conclusion
SECTION H11: HIGGINS' ALLEGED ALTERATION OF DICTATION
I. Introduction II. Factual Background III. Analysis of Laboratory
Reports A. Category One B. Category Two C. Category Three D.
The Remaining 21 Laboratory Reports IV. Conclusion
SECTION H11: CHART
SECTION H12: TOBIN ALLEGATIONS
I. Introduction II. The Reporting of Metals-Related Examinations A.
Improper Wire Gauging B. The La Familia Case C. The Peter Mauchlin
Case III. Alcee Hastings Matter A. The Background to the Investigating
Committee Proceedings B. Malone's Testimony before the Investi's Testimony
D. Analysis IV. Conclusion
SECTION H13: GEORGE TREPAL
PART FOUR:
WHITEHURST'S ALLEGATIONS OF RETALIATION
I. Introduction II. Analysis of
Whitehurst's Allegations A. The Claim that the FBI Improperly Punished
Whitehurst for His Conduct in the Psinakis Case B. The Claim that the
FBI Ignored and Covered Up Whitehurst's Allegations Concerning Software
Theft and Assault C. Referral for Psychiatric Examination and Counseling
D. The Claim that the FBI Improperly Investigated Whitehurst for
Disclosure of Confidential Information E. The Claim that the FBI Improperly
Disclosed Henthorn Material Concerning Whitehurst F. The Claim that
the FBI Punished Whitehurst by Reassigning Him to the Paints and Polymers
Program G. Other Evidence of Retaliatory Intent III. Conclusion
PART FIVE:
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING INDIVIDUALS
I. Individuals Central to
Whitehurst's Allegations or Whose Conduct is Criticized in this Report
A. Terry Rudolph B. Roger Martz C. J. Thomas Thurman D. David
Williams E. Richard Hahn F. Robert Heckman G. Wallace Higgins
H. Alan R. Jordan I. Michael Malone J. J. Christopher Ronay K.
Robert Webb II. Laboratory Management A. Charles Calfee B. Kenneth
Nimmich C. James Kearney D. John Hicks E. Alan T. Robillard
III. Other Individuals A. Roger Asbury B. Edward Bender C. Louis
J. Freeh D. Donald Haldimann E. Ronald Kelly F. Lynn Lasswell
G. Richard Laycock H. Thomas Mohnal I. Bruce McCord J. Mark
Olson K. Howard Shapiro IV. FBI OPR and FBI OGC V. Frederic
Whitehurst
PART SIX:
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENHANCING QUALITY IN THE LABORATORY
I. ASCLD/LAB Accreditation and
External Review II. Restructuring the Explosives Unit III. Principal and
Auxiliary Examiners IV. Report Preparation V. Adequate Peer Review VI.
Case Documentation VII. Record Retention VIII. Examiner Training and
Qualification IX. Examiner Testimony X. Protocols XI. Evidence Handling
XII. The Role of Management
PART SEVEN:
SUMMARY OF OIG RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FBI LABORATORY
I. ASCLD/LAB Accreditation and
External Review II. Restructuring the Explosives Unit III. Principal and
Auxiliary Examiners IV. Report Preparation V. Adequate Peer Review VI.
Case Documentation VII. Record Retention VIII. Examiner Training and
Qualification IX. Examiner Testimony X. Protocols XI. Evidence Handling
XII. The Role of Management
PART EIGHT: CONCLUSION
The following items are not available in this hypertext version:
ATTACHMENT A - Glossary
ATTACHMENT B - 1996 and 1997 FBI Laboratory Division Organizational Charts
ATTACHMENT C - A Primer on Explosives and Velocity of Detonation
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